How long should hands be washed with soap and water to effectively remove pathogens?

Washing hands for 20 seconds is recommended as the most effective duration to thoroughly remove pathogens and ensure good hand hygiene. This time frame allows for adequate scrubbing and friction, which are essential for dislodging dirt, grease, and microorganisms from the skin's surface.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasizes that a 20-second wash helps to effectively eliminate viruses and bacteria that can lead to foodborne illnesses and infections. This duration is long enough to cover all areas of the hands, including between the fingers and under the nails, where germs are likely to linger.

In contrast, washing hands for shorter periods, such as 10 or 15 seconds, may not provide sufficient time to effectively lift and remove pathogens, resulting in a higher risk of contamination. While 30 seconds may seem beneficial, it generally exceeds the recommended duration and doesn't significantly enhance the effectiveness compared to the recommended 20 seconds. Hence, 20 seconds strikes the balance between efficiency and thoroughness.